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| Miscellaneous Disorders of the Hand & Upper Extremity > Acute Compartment Syndrome What is Acute Compartment Syndrome? ("Volkman's Ischemic Contracture") Acute compartment syndrome is a progressive painful loss of function of muscles and nerves that happens most often in the leg or arm. It occurs when bleeding and swelling get in the way of proper blood circulation of the muscle and nerve tissues. As the tissue pressure increases it decreases blood flow, both venous and arterial. Nerve and muscle cells start to die within 4 to 8 hours. Acute compartment syndrome is also called Volkman's ischemic contracture. Ischemic contracture, which occurs with the passage of time, means the muscles that are not getting enough blood begin to tighten, contract, and die. Causes of Acute Compartment Syndrome? In most cases, a trauma or injury is to blame for acute compartment syndrome. A broken or crushed leg or arm can put pressure on nerves or muscles in the area. And the injury itself can block the flow of blood to the area. With little blood flow, the cells begin to die. A less common cause of acute compartment syndrome can be a greatly increased level of exercise. People new to the military or people who run long distances may be at risk. Symptoms of Acute Compartment Syndrome?
Treatment of Acute Compartment Syndrome? Surgery is done to lessen the pressure and improve the blood flow to the area. The operation involves cutting the fascia which is a kind of connective tissue that surrounds muscles separating them into groups, as well as other things in the body. It surrounds muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and organs. If a bone is broken or crushed, a splint will often be used instead of a cast to make sure the blood flow continues. The information provided herein is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. You should not use this information to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease without consulting a licensed physician. ©2000 DynoMed.com, LLC, Indianapolis, IN |